![\"\"](\"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ED793F70-0334-4C85-B223-525A458506AF-300x150.jpeg\")
\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"(ataraksia\u00a0(paqja dhe liria nga frika) dhe\u00a0aponia\u00a0(mungesa e dhimbjes).
\nEpikuri\u00a0(greqishtja\u00a0e\u00a0lasht\u00eb:\u00a0\u1f18\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2,\u00a0Ep\u00edkouros\u00a0rreth 341 – 270 pes) ishte nj\u00eb filozof i urt\u00eb i Greqis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb i cili njihet si themelues i\u00a0epikurianizmit, nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb filozofike me ndikim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm. Ai lindi n\u00eb ishullin grek t\u00eb\u00a0Samos\u00a0nga prind\u00ebr athinas . Duke qen\u00eb n\u00ebn ndikimin e\u00a0Demokritit,\u00a0Aristipit, Pyrros dhe ndoshta cinik\u00ebve, ai u kthye kund\u00ebr platonizmit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb tij duke themeluar edhe shkoll\u00ebn e tij, t\u00eb njohur si “Kopshti”, n\u00eb Athin\u00eb. Epikuri dhe pasuesit e tij ishin t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr ngr\u00ebnien e vakteve t\u00eb thjeshta dhe diskutimin e nj\u00eb game t\u00eb gjer\u00eb temash filozofike. Ai haptas lejoi q\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb vijonin m\u00ebsimet n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e tij. Epikuri thuhet se ka shkruar fillimisht mbi 300 vepra p\u00ebr tema t\u00eb ndryshme, por pjesa d\u00ebrrmuese e k\u00ebtyre shkrimeve kan\u00eb humbur. Vet\u00ebm tre letra t\u00eb shkruara prej tij:\u00a0Menoeceus,\u00a0Pythocles,\u00a0dhe\u00a0Herodoti\u00a0– si dhe dy koleksione t\u00eb citateve:\u00a0Doktrina principale\u00a0dheTh\u00ebnie Vatikani\u00a0kan\u00eb mbijetuar, s\u00eb bashku me disa fragmente nga shkrimet tjera t\u00eb tij. Shumica e njohurive p\u00ebr m\u00ebsimet e tij vijn\u00eb nga autor\u00ebt e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht biografi Diogjen La\u00ebrti, poeti romak epikurian\u00a0Lukreci\u00a0dhe filozofi tjet\u00ebr epikurian Filodemus, krahas me disa tregime armiq\u00ebsore por kryesisht t\u00eb sakta nga filozofi pyrronik Sextus Empiricus, dhe skeptiku akademik dhe burr\u00eb shteti\u00a0Cicero. <\/p>\n
P\u00ebr Epikurin, q\u00ebllimi i filozofis\u00eb ishte t\u00eb ndihmonte njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb arrinin nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur dhe t\u00eb qet\u00eb t\u00eb karakterizuar nga\u00a0ataraksia\u00a0(paqja dhe liria nga frika) dhe\u00a0aponia\u00a0(mungesa e dhimbjes). Ai mbronte pik\u00ebpamjen q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb ndiqnin filozofin\u00eb duke jetuar nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00eb-mjaftueshme t\u00eb rrethuar nga miqt\u00eb. Ai m\u00ebsonte se rr\u00ebnja e gjith\u00eb neuroz\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore \u00ebsht\u00eb mohimi i vdekjes dhe prirja q\u00eb qeniet njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb supozojn\u00eb se vdekja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e tmerrshme dhe e dhimbshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai pretendoi se shkakton ankth t\u00eb panevojsh\u00ebm, sjellje vetjake vetmbrojt\u00ebse dhe hipokrizi. Sipas Epikurit, vdekja \u00ebsht\u00eb fundi i trupit dhe i shpirtit dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye nuk duhet t\u00eb frik\u00ebsuar. Epikuri m\u00ebsonte se megjith\u00ebse per\u00ebndit\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb, ata nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirje n\u00eb pun\u00ebt njer\u00ebzore. Ai m\u00ebsonte edhe se njer\u00ebzit duhet t\u00eb sillen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb etike jo sepse per\u00ebndit\u00eb i nd\u00ebshkojn\u00eb ose shp\u00ebrblejn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit p\u00ebr veprimet e tyre, por sepse sjellja amorale do t’i ngarkoj\u00eb ata me faj dhe do t’i parandaloj\u00eb ata t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb\u00a0ataraksin\u00eb\u00a0. <\/p>\n
Ashtu si Aristoteli, Epikuri ishte nj\u00eb\u00a0empirist, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ai besonte se shqisat jan\u00eb burimi i vet\u00ebm i besuesh\u00ebm i njohurive p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn. Ai nxori pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb fizik\u00ebs dhe kozmologjis\u00eb s\u00eb tij nga filozofi i hersh\u00ebm Demokriti (rreth 460\u2013 rreth 370 p.e.s.). Si Demokriti, edhe Epikuri m\u00ebsonte se universi \u00ebsht\u00eb i pafund dhe i p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm dhe se e gjith\u00eb materia \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga grimca jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb vogla, t\u00eb padukshme t\u00eb njohura si\u00a0atome. T\u00eb gjitha dukurit\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn natyrore jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht rezultat i atomeve q\u00eb l\u00ebvizin dhe bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn boshe. Epikuri devijoi nga Demokriti n\u00eb m\u00ebsimin e tij p\u00ebr “kthes\u00ebn” atomike, i cili mendon se atomet mund t\u00eb devijojn\u00eb nga kursi i tyre i pritur, duke lejuar k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb zot\u00ebrojn\u00eb\u00a0vullnet t\u00eb lir\u00eb\u00a0n\u00eb nj\u00eb univers ndryshe\u00a0p\u00ebrcaktues. <\/p>\n
Megjith\u00ebse t\u00eb njohura, m\u00ebsimet epikuriane ishin t\u00eb diskutueshme q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim. Epikurizmi arriti kulmin e popullaritetit t\u00eb tij gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb vona t\u00eb\u00a0Republik\u00ebs Romake. Ai u shua n\u00eb antikitetin e von\u00eb, duke iu n\u00ebnshtruar armiq\u00ebsis\u00eb nga krishterimi i hersh\u00ebm. Gjat\u00eb\u00a0epok\u00ebs s\u00eb mesjet\u00ebs\u00a0Epikuri u kujtua n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb popullore, megjith\u00ebse n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pasakt\u00eb, u kujtua si nj\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebs i pijanec\u00ebve, kurvar\u00ebve dhe glutoneve. M\u00ebsimet e tij gradualisht u b\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb shekullin XV, me rizbulimin e teksteve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, por idet\u00eb e tij nuk u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb pranueshme deri n\u00eb shekullin XVII, kur Pierre Gassendi ringjalli nj\u00eb version t\u00eb modifikuar t\u00eb tyre, i cili u promovua nga shkrimtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Walter Charleton dhe\u00a0Robert Boyle. Ndikimi i tij u rrit ndjesh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb dhe pas\u00a0iluminizmit, duke ndikuar thell\u00ebsisht n\u00eb idet\u00eb e mendimtar\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb\u00a0John Locke,\u00a0Thomas Jefferson, Jeremy Bentham dhe\u00a0Karl Marx.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
(ataraksia\u00a0(paqja dhe liria nga frika) dhe\u00a0aponia\u00a0(mungesa e dhimbjes). Epikuri\u00a0(greqishtja\u00a0e\u00a0lasht\u00eb:\u00a0\u1f18\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2,\u00a0Ep\u00edkouros\u00a0rreth 341 – 270 pes) ishte nj\u00eb filozof i urt\u00eb i Greqis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb i cili njihet si themelues i\u00a0epikurianizmit, nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb filozofike me ndikim t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm. Ai lindi n\u00eb ishullin grek t\u00eb\u00a0Samos\u00a0nga prind\u00ebr athinas . Duke qen\u00eb n\u00ebn ndikimin e\u00a0Demokritit,\u00a0Aristipit, Pyrros dhe ndoshta cinik\u00ebve, ai u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9684,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9682","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kulture"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9685,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9682\/revisions\/9685"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}