Nga Dr. Shefqet Deliallisi<\/p>\n
(18 – 24 N\u00ebntor
\nJava Bot\u00ebrore e Nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimit p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00ebn e antibiotik\u00ebve )<\/p>\n
Aleksand\u00ebr Fleming, n\u00eb vitin1928, duke marr\u00eb \u00e7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr zbulimin e penicilin\u00ebs (zbulimi m\u00eb i madh i mjeksis\u00eb p\u00ebr shekullin 20) paralajm\u00ebroi : n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen bakteriet mund t\u00eb zhvillohen dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb afta p\u00ebr t\u2019i mposhtur antibiotik\u00ebt. Tashm\u00eb e ardhmja \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb e tashme. Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndetsis\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebn kund\u00ebr antibiotikeve e klasifikon nj\u00eb “k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim serioz.” K\u00ebrc\u00ebnim q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb parashikim p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen, por q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb duke ndodhur.Tani. N\u00eb \u00e7do vend t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb prekur cilindo.<\/p>\n
ALARMI \u00cbSHT\u00cb DH\u00cbN\u00cb<\/p>\n
Bakteret po mposhtin antibiotik\u00ebt. Dhjetra artikuj t\u00ebrheqin v\u00ebmendjen : “Apokalipsi i antibiotik\u00ebve : mjek\u00ebt i bien k\u00ebmbanave t\u00eb alarmit.””Mjeksia po kthehet nj\u00eb shekull pas.” “Koh\u00ebt e errata t\u00eb epidemive do t\u00eb rikthehen.” “Abuzimi me antibiotik\u00ebt : skenari i nj\u00eb makthi.” “Antibiotik\u00ebt t\u00eb vetmet \u2018municione\u2019 n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr infeksioneve po mbarojn\u00eb.\u2026\u201d
\nImagjnoni nj\u00eb bot\u00eb pa antibiotik\u00eb. Infeksionet e zakonshme, nd\u00ebrhyrjet e thjeshta kirurgjikale do vrisnin p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Kirurgjia e zemr\u00ebs, transplanti i organeve, trajtimi i kancerit, menaxhimi i diabetit, do rrezikoheshin seriozish. Mjek\u00ebsia moderne do b\u00ebhej e pamundur.
\nP\u00ebr shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz nj\u00eb skenar i till\u00eb apokaliptik mund t\u00eb duket fantazi, por p\u00ebr shkenctar\u00ebt plot\u00ebsisht i mundsh\u00ebm n\u00ebse s’ndalen praktikat q\u00eb favorizojn\u00eb zhvillimin dhe p\u00ebrhapjen e rezistenc\u00ebs kund\u00ebr antibiotik\u00ebve, n\u00ebse antibiotik\u00eb t\u00eb ri nuk hidhen n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim.<\/p>\n
P\u00cbRHAPJA \u00cbSHT\u00cb GLOBALE\u2026<\/p>\n
Bakteret rezistente ndaj antibiotikeve gjenden kudo. N\u00eb njer\u00ebz, kafsh\u00eb, ushqim dhe mjedis (n\u00eb uj\u00eb, tok\u00eb, dhe aj\u00ebr). Ato mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapen midis njer\u00ebzve dhe kafsh\u00ebve, dhe nga nj\u00eb person n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Turizmi favorizon p\u00ebrhapjen e tyre. Nj\u00eb studim n\u00eb Suedi me t\u00eb rinj q\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00ebn p\u00ebr pushime n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, tregoi se nd\u00ebrsa asnj\u00eb prej tyre q\u00eb nuk kishte baktere rezistente n\u00eb zorr\u00eb, kur u kthyen nga pushimet, 1\/4 i kishin marr\u00eb ato. Dhe sot n\u00eb pak or\u00eb njer\u00ebzit mund t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin n\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn duke e globalizuar problemin. Rezistenca nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb zhvillim, por edhe ato t\u00eb zhvilluara.<\/p>\n
PSE NDODH,
\nPSE P\u00cbRHAPET REZISTENCA ?<\/p>\n
Bakteret e zakonshme duke pasur nj\u00eb norm\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb riprodhimi, aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t’i kaluar gjenet nga nj\u00ebri te tjetri, evoluojn\u00eb shpejt. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs rezistenca e tyre ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve ndodh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb natyrshme. Presioni q\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebt ushtrojn\u00eb, nxit luft\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet ndryshimeve gjenetike q\u00eb reflektojn\u00eb proceset evolucionare q\u00eb ndodhin gjat\u00eb mjekimit me antibiotik\u00eb.
\nProblemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se kjo rezistenc\u00eb e zakonshme e baktereve ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve, po p\u00ebrshpejtohet nga mbip\u00ebrdorimi dhe keqp\u00ebrdorimi i tyre, duke marr\u00eb antibiotik\u00eb edhe kur ata nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr \u00e7do temperatur\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebr viroza stinore q\u00eb normalisht n\u00eb pak dit\u00eb vetsh\u00ebrohen, mbi t\u00eb cilat antibiotik\u00ebt s\u2019kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb efekt. Dhe, n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende antibiotik\u00ebt, mund t\u2019i blesh leht\u00ebsisht n\u00eb farmaci, si \u00e7do mall n\u00eb nj\u00eb dyqan t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm!
\nRezistenca ndodh edhe nga keq-p\u00ebrdorim i antibiotik\u00ebve. Kur nuk merret i plot\u00eb mjekimi duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb infeksioni t\u00eb mos pastrohen plot\u00ebsisht, bakteret t\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb gjalla me nj\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb q\u00eb gradualisht p\u00ebrhapet.
\nP\u00ebrdorimi p\u00ebr profilaksi i antibiotik\u00ebve, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar infeksione hipotetike, praktik\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb raste shum\u00eb ekstreme, \u00ebsht\u00eb tjet\u00ebr shkak.
\nSikur k\u00ebto t\u00eb mos mjaftonin, problemi r\u00ebndohet nga
\np\u00ebrdorimi i antibiotik\u00ebve n\u00eb blegtori, te kafsh\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren si ushqim p\u00ebr popullsin\u00eb, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb nxit\u00ebs shum\u00eb i madh i rezistenc\u00ebs. Kafsh\u00ebt e ketyre fermave konsumojn\u00eb jo pak por rreth dy t\u00eb tretat e antibiotik\u00ebve bot\u00ebror\u00eb.<\/p>\n
SHIFRAT JAN\u00cb T\u00cb ZYMTA…<\/p>\n
Deri pak vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb infeksion urinar, me nj\u00eb mjekim t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr me antibiotik\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb sh\u00ebrohej. Sot kjo s\u2019ndodh. Bakteret jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb afta t\u2019i mposhtin antibiotik\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr vendesh, q\u00eb shtohen \u00e7do dit\u00eb, infeksionet urinare jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb rezistent ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve standard.
\nN\u00eb Kin\u00eb, antibiotik\u00ebt standard t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura ndaj bakterieve q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb infeksione t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive jan\u00eb t\u00eb efektshme vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb 1\/3 e rasteve. N\u00eb spitale n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, antibiotik\u00ebt standard p\u00ebr trajtimin e plag\u00ebve t\u00eb infektuara d\u00ebshtojn\u00eb n\u00eb mbi gjysm\u00ebn e rasteve.
\nAktualisht rreth 700,000 njer\u00ebz n\u00eb vit vdesin n\u00eb bot\u00eb nga infeksionet rezistente kund\u00ebr antibiotikeve, shif\u00ebr q\u00eb rritet vazhdimisht dhe mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb 10 milion\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2050.
\nKjo kushton jo vet\u00ebm jet\u00eb nj\u00ebrzore dhe por dhe kosto t\u00eb lart\u00eb financiare p\u00ebr Sistemet e Kujdesit Sh\u00ebndetsor.<\/p>\n
ASNJ\u00cb ANTIBIOTIK I RI NGA VITI 1987….<\/p>\n
Krijimi i penicilin\u00ebs, suksesi spektakolar i saj gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, sh\u00ebrbeu si nj\u00eb nxitje e fort\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar antibiotik\u00eb t\u00eb ri. N\u00eb vitet ’40 dhe ’50 t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar, n\u00eb treg u hodh\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 klasa antibiotik\u00ebsh.N\u00eb vitet \u201860 edhe dy t\u00eb tjera, dhe… nga viti 1987 asnj\u00eb klas\u00eb e re! N\u00eb kushtet e rezistenc\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur dhe t\u00eb pandalshme, mjek\u00ebt i jan\u00eb rikthyer antibiotikeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur m\u00eb par\u00eb. Por bakteret nuk ndalen, po i nxjerrin \u201cjasht\u00eb luftimi\u201d dhe ato. T\u00eb njejtin fat p\u00ebsoi dhe Colistina, e njohur si “antibiotiku i fundit” i zbuluar, t\u00eb cil\u00ebs mjek\u00ebt ju drejtuan p\u00ebr trajtimin e infeksioneve rezistente. Tashm\u00eb rezistenca ndaj saj \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur anemban\u00eb planetit…
\n\u201cDollapi\u201d dikur p\u00ebrplot me antibiotik\u00eb po boshatiset.
\nShkaku : kompanit\u00eb farmaceutike kan\u00eb pak nxitje p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar trajtime t\u00eb reja. Si \u00e7do kompani private, ato q\u00ebllim kryesor kan\u00eb fitimin. Dhe nj\u00eb antibiotik i ri nuk e siguron at\u00eb sepse p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundje akute, q\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta, p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar pacient\u00ebsh (vet\u00ebm kund\u00ebr shtameve rezistente bakteriale), p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pak koh\u00eb (nj\u00eb antibiotik i mir\u00eb e sh\u00ebron p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jav\u00eb).
\nFitimet sigurohen m\u00eb leht\u00eb nga medikamentet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr trajtimin e s\u00ebmundjeve kronike (ato prekin nj\u00eb num\u00ebr gjithnjt\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb madh njer\u00ebzish), q\u00eb nuk sh\u00ebrohen (p\u00ebrdorin medikamente p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn).
\nKoh\u00ebt e fundit flitet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zbulim t\u00eb madh : nj\u00eb antibiotik t\u00eb ri q\u00eb i ” vret\u201d bakteret , pa krijuar rezistenc\u00eb t\u00eb dallueshme”. N\u00eb let\u00ebr pretendohet se ky antibiotik, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb veprimit, nuk ka gjasa t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb\u2026 Por k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr shum\u00eb antibiotike t\u00eb tjer\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrfundimi : rezistenca \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet se asnj\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb nuk do zhvillohet kurr\u00eb, p\u00ebr asgj\u00eb. Seleksioni natyral \u00ebsht\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm dhe gjithmon\u00eb e gjen nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mposhtur edhe mjetet m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme.<\/p>\n
N\u00cb VEND T\u00cb MBYLLJES<\/p>\n
Rezistenca kund\u00ebr antibiotik\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem serioz q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon nd\u00ebrhyrje serioze. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem global q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon zgjidhje globale.
\nHap i par\u00eb i sigurt\u00eb p\u00ebr suksesin duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb parandalimi i infeksioneve. P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i higjen\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, dhe higjen\u00ebs spitalore n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti. Zhvillimi i vaksinave p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundje serioze, do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb zgjidhje efikase, por jo e leht\u00eb dhe q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon koh\u00eb.
\nHapi tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb ishte promovimi i shkenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr nj\u00eb diagnostikim m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb shkaktareve t\u00eb infeksioneve n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kuptimit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs si bakteret shkaktojn\u00eb infeksionet. Krijimi i testeve diagnostike t\u00eb shpejta q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb sakt\u00eb n\u00ebse nj\u00eb antibiotik \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm ose jo, dhe n\u00ebse po, p\u00ebrcaktimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb tij. Vt\u00ebm pas k\u00ebsaj duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren antibiotik\u00ebt si nj\u00eb mjet i fundit. \u00cbsht\u00eb e pa praneshme q\u00eb ende mjek\u00ebt duhet t’i p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebt vet\u00ebm duke u bazuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin t\u00eb \u00e7astit q\u00eb ata i b\u00ebjn\u00eb simptomave t\u00eb pacientit, si n\u00eb vitet ’50 kur antibiotik\u00ebt hyn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm.
\nDhe se fundi, por jo nga r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia, prodhimi i antibiotikeve t\u00eb ri, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb konsiderohen si nj\u00eb e mir\u00eb publike, p\u00ebr prodhimin e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve shteti duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb financim ashtu si p\u00ebr arsimin, rrug\u00ebt, policin\u00eb, etj.
\nVenki Ramakrishnan fitues i \u00e7mimit \u201cNobel\u201d n\u00eb kimi p\u00ebr vitin 2009, ekspert i Biologjis\u00eb Molekulare n\u00eb Universitetin e Kembrixhit, p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00eb kund\u00ebr antibiotik\u00ebve thekson : “Bota tashm\u00eb ka njohuri t\u00eb shumta rreth funksionit t\u00eb baktereve, biologjis\u00eb molekulare, gjenetik\u00ebs, mikrobiologjis\u00eb dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb b\u00ebrjes s\u00eb antibiotik\u00ebve, prandaj dhe lufta kund\u00ebr bakterieve rezistente ndaj antibiotikeve mund dhe duhet t\u00eb fitohet.”
\nAjo \u00e7far\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb sillen ndryshe…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga Dr. Shefqet Deliallisi (18 – 24 N\u00ebntor Java Bot\u00ebrore e Nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimit p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00ebn e antibiotik\u00ebve ) Aleksand\u00ebr Fleming, n\u00eb vitin1928, duke marr\u00eb \u00e7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr zbulimin e penicilin\u00ebs (zbulimi m\u00eb i madh i mjeksis\u00eb p\u00ebr shekullin 20) paralajm\u00ebroi : n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen bakteriet mund t\u00eb zhvillohen dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb afta p\u00ebr t\u2019i mposhtur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":84482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-84481","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-te-tjera"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84481"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84484,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84481\/revisions\/84484"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}