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\nPavar\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare!<\/p>\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga revistat m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb bot\u00eb \u201cColumbia Undergraduate Law Review\u201d Bekim Bruka paraqitet me nj\u00eb artikull origjinal e t\u00eb qart\u00eb shkencor.
\nAi i ofron Universitetit Columbia dhe publikut nj\u00eb punim shkencor t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm e t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb fakte mbi pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs.
\nArtikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr institucionet e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre p\u00ebr njohjet e reja.<\/p>\n
Lexoni analiz\u00ebn e Bruk\u00ebs…<\/p>\n
N\u00eb dimrin e vitit 2008, Asambleja e P\u00ebrgjithshme e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara paraqiti nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr mendim k\u00ebshillues nga Gjykata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb se n\u00ebse “deklarata e nj\u00ebanshme e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs” ishte n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare. [1] P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e Serbis\u00eb parashtruan argumentin se Pavar\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb shkelte integritetin historik dhe territorial t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb, por gjithashtu deklarata si nj\u00eb veprim politik nga “Asambleja e Kosov\u00ebs” binte ndesh me rregullat e vendosura nga Rezoluta 1244 e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara (1999). [2] Midis t\u00eb tjerash, kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb ishin t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar se n\u00ebse Kosova “deklaron pavar\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebanshme” bazuar n\u00eb konceptin e vet\u00ebvendosjes p\u00ebrmes shk\u00ebputjes, territore t\u00eb tjera n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00ebn do t\u00eb nxiteshin t\u00eb ndiqnin aspirata politike t\u00eb ngjashme, duke shkelur k\u00ebshtu Aktin Final t\u00eb Helsinkit t\u00eb vitit 1975, ku i jepet p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi integritetit territorial mbi vet\u00ebvendosjen. [3] Megjithat\u00eb, bazuar n\u00eb historikun juridik t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb kaluar dhe t\u00eb disa rasteve ligjore pas vitit 1990: (i) Kosova kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn juridike p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi bazuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb precedent ekzistues, shpalljen e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb nga nj\u00ebsit\u00eb federale pas shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb; dhe (ii) s\u00eb dyti, Deklarata nuk shkelte sovranitetin e Serbis\u00eb sepse Rezolutat ekzistuese t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit nuk e parandalonin at\u00eb. Shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Jugosllavis\u00eb ndodhi brenda korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb federate, duke parandaluar p\u00ebrplasjen ligjore t\u00eb integritetit territorial dhe parimit t\u00eb vet\u00ebvendosjes.
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\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb ekzaminim t\u00eb thell\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj tematike, \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme t\u00eb ofrohet nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb historike e detajuar e statusit ligjor t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Qeveria serbe ka kontestuar pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs, duke pretenduar se ish-provinca u konfirmua si pjes\u00eb e territorit t\u00eb saj para krijimit t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs Jugosllave n\u00eb vitin 1945, duke argumentuar k\u00ebshtu se statusi i Kosov\u00ebs si nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi federale n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb nuk duhet t\u2019s ishte mbivendosur statusit t\u00eb saj t\u00eb si pjes\u00eb integrale e Serbis\u00eb. [4] Megjithat\u00eb, kur Mbret\u00ebria e Serbis\u00eb dhe Perandoria Osmane n\u00ebnshkruan traktatin p\u00ebr aneksimin e saj n\u00eb vitin 1913, Kosova vet\u00ebm de fakto ju bashkua shtetit serb. E drejta nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare parashikon q\u00eb nj\u00eb territor kalon nga nj\u00eb shtet n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, vet\u00ebm at\u00ebher\u00eb traktati q\u00eb vendos k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i ligjsh\u00ebm, pra n\u00ebse t\u00eb dy vendet e n\u00ebnshkruajn\u00eb dhe e ratifikojn\u00eb at\u00eb. [5] Kur dy pal\u00ebt n\u00ebnshkruan traktatin n\u00eb Konferenc\u00ebn e Londr\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1913, Serbia vepronte n\u00ebn Kushtetut\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb vitit 1903, e cila, n\u00eb nenin IV, k\u00ebrkonte mbledhjen e Asambles\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe Komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr ratifikimin e \u00e7do traktati q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte ndryshime kufitare dhe territoriale. [6] Nj\u00eb asamble e till\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk ndodhi, prandaj, nga viti 1912 deri n\u00eb vitin 1918, Kosova ishte teknikisht nj\u00eb territor i pushtuar, me Serbin\u00eb q\u00eb kishte kontroll de fakto, por jo de juro mbi t\u00eb.
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\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kur pragu ligjor u p\u00ebrmbush n\u00eb vitin 1918, Kosova nuk hyri n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Serbis\u00eb, por p\u00ebrkundrazi, territori u b\u00eb pjes\u00eb e bashkimit t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb me Kroacin\u00eb dhe Sllovenin\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb u b\u00eb e njohur si Mbret\u00ebria e Serb\u00ebve, Kroat\u00ebve dhe Slloven\u00ebve, e quajtur m\u00eb von\u00eb Mbret\u00ebria e Jugosllavis\u00eb pas 1929. K\u00ebtu shtohet fakti q\u00eb kur Serbia u b\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb, personaliteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i saj u zhduk n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb principeve baz\u00eb t\u00eb ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu fund ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebp\u00ebrparshme t\u00eb shtetit serb. [7] M\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1945, kur qeveria jugosllave vendosi t\u00eb adoptoj\u00eb nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb federale, statusi i Kosov\u00ebs u b\u00eb arsye debati. Diskutimet u fokusuan n\u00ebse territori do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet si nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi autonome e Serbis\u00eb, Malit t\u00eb Zi, ose Maqedonis\u00eb, duke njohur k\u00ebshtu: (i) nj\u00eb identitet territorial p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn, dhe (ii) munges\u00ebn e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirje zyrtare m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb territorit n\u00ebn Serbi. Prandaj, hyrja e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb Serbi n\u00eb vitin 1945 ishte e kusht\u00ebzuar vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse Serbia ishte pjes\u00eb e Jugosllavis\u00eb, me Kosov\u00ebn q\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb personalitet ligjor t\u00eb krijuar drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00ebn struktur\u00ebn federale t\u00eb vitin 1945.
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\nKushtetuta jugosllave e vitit 1974 ofron njohuri shtes\u00eb se si aplikohet parimi i vet\u00ebvendosjes n\u00eb raport me statusin e Kosov\u00ebs dhe nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shpalljeve t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsive p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij dokumenti, statusi i kufizuar i Kosov\u00ebs si nj\u00eb rajon autonom (serbisht: oblast) brenda Republik\u00ebs Serbe t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb u ndryshua n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb province autonome (serbisht: pokrajina), dhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja, n\u00eb nj\u00eb prej nj\u00ebsive konstituente t\u00eb plota t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs. [8] Kjo Kushtetut\u00eb, e cila do t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte n\u00eb fuqi deri n\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e Jugosllavis\u00eb, i dhuroi Kosov\u00ebs t\u00eb drejta q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra, totalisht t\u00eb ngjashme me ato t\u00eb gjasht\u00eb Republikave dhe q\u00eb, e ktheu Kosov\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb “nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb plot\u00eb federale.” [9] Kosova fitoi t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb institucionet federale p\u00ebrkah nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrfshi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues n\u00eb Presidenc\u00ebn e Jugosllavis\u00eb, t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb barabarta n\u00eb politik\u00ebn e jashtme, nj\u00eb forc\u00eb policore, nj\u00eb universitet t\u00eb kontrolluar nga Prishtina, dhe t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vetos p\u00ebr \u00e7do vendim, ligj e veprim federal. Baza institucionale e Kosov\u00ebs u modelua ndarazi nga Serbia, me provinc\u00ebn q\u00eb tanim\u00eb kishte t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e l\u00ebshimit jo m\u00eb nj\u00eb statuti t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, por t\u00eb nj\u00eb kushtetute. [10] N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, Kushtetuta e vitit 1974 shkaktoi ndarjen strukturore t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nga autoriteti i Beogradit, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb provinc\u00ebs nj\u00eb status t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me Republikat e tjera si nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e Federat\u00ebs, pra, nj\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi kur Federata filloi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhej n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1990.
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\nE pavar\u00ebsisht shfuqizimit t\u00eb autonomis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1989 n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb pazakonta, ky decentralizim dhe delegim pushteti brenda federates ligj\u00ebrisht nuk u arrit kurr\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb, pasi ndryshimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb revokuar autonomine e Kosov\u00ebs i tejkaluan garancit\u00eb kushtetuese t\u00eb vitit 1974. P\u00ebrve\u00e7se ndryshimet kushtetuese nuk u botuan kurr\u00eb n\u00eb Gazet\u00ebn Zyrtare, neni 206 i Kushtetut\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 1974 parashikonte se Kushtetutat Republikane dhe Provinciale nuk duhet t\u00eb binin ndesh me Kushtetut\u00ebn Federale, dhe Neni 4 theksonte se territori i nj\u00eb province autonome nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshohej pa miratimin e asaj province. Gjithashtu, Kushtetuta e vitit 1974 parashikonte se n\u00ebse nj\u00eb ligj, rregull, apo vet\u00eb Kushtetuta e nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsie federale, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nga Serbia, miratohej n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim t\u00eb asaj Jugosllave, ndryshimi do t\u00eb zbatohej p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht deri kur Gjykata Kushtetuese Federative do t\u00eb vendoste p\u00ebr ligjshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tij. [11] K\u00ebto kushte nuk u plot\u00ebsuan n\u00eb vitin 1989 pasi ndryshimet kushtetuese nuk mor\u00ebn kurr\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e nevojshme parlamentare, pra dy t\u00eb tretat e nevojshme nga Asambleja e Provinc\u00ebs s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, e nga ana tjet\u00ebr nj\u00eb vendim nga Gjykata Kushtetuese Federale kurr\u00eb nuk u mor. K\u00ebshtu, sundimi i Serbis\u00eb mbi Kosov\u00ebn, ndon\u00ebse i zgjatur, ishte juridikisht i p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm, pasi u realizua p\u00ebrmes mjetesh t\u00eb paligjshme.
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\nN\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte – me autonomine e Kosov\u00ebs q\u00eb ishte de fakto e revokuar – Federata nisi shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e saj n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1990. Komisioni i Arbitrazhit t\u00eb Konferences s\u00eb Paqes p\u00ebr Jugosllavin\u00eb, njohur ndryshe si Komisioni Badinter, arriti n\u00eb konkluzionin, midis t\u00eb tjerash, se Federata nuk kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb pre e shk\u00ebputjes s\u00eb nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb saj, por ishte shp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi. [12] Edhe pse komisioni u p\u00ebrgjigj vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pyetjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat u pyet zyrtarisht, pra p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ish-Republikave, kjo deklarat\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb gjetje ky\u00e7e juridike, pasi hapte rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb precedent t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm: pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e nj\u00ebsive federale t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb. Noel Malcolm pyet, “kur nj\u00eb federat\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet, n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb transformohet?\u201d, e p\u00ebrgjigja \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb: n\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj federale. [13] Shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Federat\u00ebs nga brenda, m\u00eb von\u00eb konfirmuar nga Gjykata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2010, rr\u00ebzon pretendimin se pavar\u00ebsit\u00eb e nj\u00ebsive konstituente jugosllave u arrit\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes “shk\u00ebputjes s\u00eb nj\u00ebanshme n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes.\u201d
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\nN\u00eb praktik\u00eb, Kosova \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtuar si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb Serbie t\u00eb pavarur vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr dy vite (2006-2008) pas shpalljes s\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi. E megjithat\u00eb, edhe gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe, Kosova nuk ishte ligj\u00ebrisht pjes\u00eb integrale e Serbis\u00eb, pasi sovraniteti i saj u vendos n\u00ebn nj\u00eb \u201cimperium\u201d t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb, parashikuar nga Rezoluta 1244 e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit t\u00eb Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara (1999). N\u00eb vetvete, Rezoluta synonte t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonte nj\u00eb administrat\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshm\u00eb p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn n\u00eb respekt t\u00eb integritetit territorial t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb, por duke e l\u00ebn\u00eb sovranitetin e saj mbi territorin n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje tranzitore e duke detyruar t\u00ebrheqjen e forcave ushtarake, policore dhe civile jugosllave nga ish-provinca. Kjo ndarje e plot\u00eb e kontrollit u vazhdua me Serbin\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kishte ushtrim t\u00eb autoritetit legjislativ, ekzekutiv dhe gjyq\u00ebsor n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb pas vitit 2006. [14] N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuad\u00ebr, Rezoluta 1244 shprehte se Kosova do t\u00eb fitonte gradualisht “institucione t\u00eb vet\u00eb-qeverisjes\u201d gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb Rezolut\u00ebs, pa specifikuar natyr\u00ebn e institucioneve deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb “vendim p\u00ebrfundimtar p\u00ebr statusin e saj.” Rezoluta theksonte, midis t\u00eb tjerash, se ekzistonte nj\u00eb “status i pavendosur” p\u00ebr provinc\u00ebn dhe deri at\u00ebher\u00eb, territori do t\u00eb kalonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb tranzitore dhe nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebse pa diskriminim n\u00eb lidhje me statusin p\u00ebrfundimtar. [15] Q\u00eb statusi i p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm i Kosov\u00ebs u quajt “tranzitor” dhe “n\u00eb respekt t\u00eb integritetit territorial t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs Federale Jugosllave” \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet, p\u00ebr shkak se Jugosllavia ndaloi s\u00eb ekzistuari n\u00eb vitin 2006. Prandaj, pavar\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 2008 nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb shkelur integritetin territorial t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb shteti, pasi shteti n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, pra Republika Federale e Jugosllavis\u00eb, nuk ekzistonte m\u00eb.
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\nM\u00eb tej, n\u00eb interpretimin e Rezolut\u00ebs 1244 t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit (1999), \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb merret parasysh Mendimi K\u00ebshillues i Gjykat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2010. Si\u00e7 Gjykata argumentoi, K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit nuk kishte q\u00ebllim t\u00eb parashikonte statusin politik t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, sikurse b\u00ebri me “Republik\u00ebn Serbe” n\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb dhe Hercegovin\u00eb, ku K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet miratimit t\u00eb Rezolut\u00ebs 787, ndaloi rrept\u00ebsisht \u00e7do tentativ\u00eb p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi nga ana e k\u00ebtij territori t\u00eb kontrolluar nga serb\u00ebt. [16] N\u00eb rastin e Kosov\u00ebs, e cila ndryshe nga Republika Serbe kishte statusin e nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsie p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse t\u00eb ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, Rezoluta 1244 deklaronte se ka nj\u00eb “status t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfunduar,\u201d nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrmendte integritetin territorial vet\u00ebm n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn preambulare, pra duke theksuar se K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit nuk kishte q\u00ebllim t\u00eb gjykonte kund\u00ebr ligjshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. N\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn operative, Gjykata theksonte se q\u00ebllimi i Rezolut\u00ebs ishte qeverisja e Kosov\u00ebs deri sa institucionet e vet\u00ebqeverisjes t\u00eb formoheshin, pa diskriminim p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si do t\u00eb vendosej statusi p\u00ebrfundimtar i saj, ashtu si dhe natyra, duke e l\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebshtu statusin final t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje \u201cstatu nascendi.\u201d [17] N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij argumenti, Mendimi K\u00ebshillues i Gjykat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb vitin 2010 arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs nuk shkel t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare apo integritetin territorial t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb, pasi K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit nuk ndalon nj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb rezolutat e veta ekzistuese p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn. K\u00ebshtu, Rezoluta 1244, duke i sh\u00ebrbyer ekskluzivisht q\u00ebllimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb institucioneve, nuk e pengoi Deklarat\u00ebn e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb 17 shkurtit 2008, kryesisht sepse dy instrumentet, nd\u00ebrtimi i institucioneve dhe Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, vepronin n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme. Ndryshe nga Rezoluta 1244 q\u00eb e linte statusin final t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs t\u00eb hapur, Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb tentativ\u00eb p\u00ebr ta zgjidhur p\u00ebrfundimisht \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e statusit.
\n\u00a0
\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, duke mos ju p\u00ebrgjigjur pyetjes s\u00eb parashtruar nga disa an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb Asambles\u00eb s\u00eb P\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb n\u00ebse vet\u00ebvendosja p\u00ebrmes shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes ofronte nj\u00eb argument t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi, Gjykata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare vendosi nj\u00eb precedent ligjor t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb pengonte p\u00ebrdorimin e mendimit t\u00eb Gjykat\u00ebs kund\u00ebr integritetit territorial. Mungesa e nj\u00eb mendimi t\u00eb prer\u00eb mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje ndaloi l\u00ebvizjet q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin t\u00eb bazoheshin n\u00eb opinionin e Gjykat\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb justifikuar nj\u00eb shk\u00ebputje t\u00eb mundshme, specifikisht nga territore si Abkazia dhe Osetia Jugore n\u00eb Gjeorgji, Katalonja n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb, apo Qiproja i Veriut n\u00eb Qipro. N\u00eb rastin e Jugosllavis\u00eb, shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e saj ndodhi t\u00eb baz\u00eb kufinjve t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb saj p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me parimin e uti possidetis. [18] Ky princip, q\u00eb thekson ruajtjen e kufijve administrativ\u00eb ekzistues gjat\u00eb transformimeve shtet\u00ebrore, logjikisht \u00ebsht\u00eb jo i aplikuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb shtete unitare. K\u00ebshtu, mendimi i Gjykat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare la hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr dy n\u00ebnkuptime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: (i) ngjarjet n\u00eb Jugosllavi sh\u00ebrbyen si nj\u00eb precedent vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr shtetet federale, dhe (ii) shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Federatave nga brenda nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndaluar nga ligji nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, duke ofruar prova t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb deklaratave t\u00eb pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive federale t\u00eb Ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb.
\n\u00a0
\nN\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme, nj\u00eb eksplorim i p\u00ebrmbledhur i historis\u00eb dhe peizazhit ligjor t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs tregon se pavar\u00ebsia e saj erdhi si vazhdim i asaj q\u00eb kishte ndodhur n\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tjera federale t\u00eb Ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb. Specifikisht Kroacia, Sllovenia, Maqedonia e Veriut, Bosnja dhe Hercegovina dhe Mali i Zi hap\u00ebn rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs, n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me argumentin se Deklarata e nj\u00ebanshme e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs\u00a0 krijoi nj\u00eb precedent t\u00eb ri q\u00eb e lejonte vet\u00ebvendosjen t\u2019i mbivendosej integritetin territorial. S\u00eb dyti, Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb vitit 2008 si nj\u00eb akt nuk shkelte integritetin territorial t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb apo parimet themelore t\u00eb Kart\u00ebs s\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb. K\u00ebshilli i Sigurimit nuk e ndaloi Deklarat\u00ebn e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebrmes Rezolut\u00ebs 1244 t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Sigurimit, ashtu si\u00e7 b\u00ebri n\u00eb raste tjera. [19] N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha standarteve t\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e Jugosllavis\u00eb krijoi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb konstituente t\u00eb saj t\u00eb vendosnin p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e tyre politike. Ky ndryshim n\u00eb paradigm\u00eb, hapi nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr aplikimin e vet\u00ebvendosjes jo n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me integritetin territorial, por p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb federate q\u00eb po shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebe t\u00eb kishin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb vendosnin fatet e tyre politike. Prandaj, mund t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb se vet\u00ebvendosja n\u00eb rastin e nj\u00ebsive federale t\u00eb Ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn, nuk e tejkalonte integritetin territorial t\u00eb nj\u00eb shteti, m\u00eb s\u00eb pari p\u00ebr shkak se ky shtet nuk ekzistonte m\u00eb.<\/p>\n
linku i origjinalit anglisht, ku jan\u00eb dhe referencat<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.culawreview.org\/journal\/self-determination-in-flux-kosovos-independence-in-international-law<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0 Pavar\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare! N\u00eb nj\u00eb nga revistat m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb bot\u00eb \u201cColumbia Undergraduate Law Review\u201d Bekim Bruka paraqitet me nj\u00eb artikull origjinal e t\u00eb qart\u00eb shkencor. Ai i ofron Universitetit Columbia dhe publikut nj\u00eb punim shkencor t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm e t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb fakte mbi pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":59698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-59697","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-te-tjera"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59697"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59701,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59697\/revisions\/59701"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}