Sot \u00ebsht\u00eb normale q\u00eb personat t\u00eb spostohen n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar sa m\u00eb mir\u00eb aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre dhe kjo l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebri mund t\u00eb konsiderohet fenomen global.<\/p>\n
Problemi i emigracionit apo m\u00eb sakt\u00eb i ikjes s\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve, lind, kur n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend ikin shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr persona sesa kthehen. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me humbjen e t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201ckapitali human\u201d. N\u00ebse ky fenomen vazhdon prej dekadash si\u00e7 po ndodh n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ka efekte n\u00eb kapacitetin e t\u00eb b\u00ebrit inovacion, n\u00eb reduktimin e produktivitetit t\u00eb vendit dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte n\u00eb rritjen e pag\u00ebs n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb \u201csforcuar\u201d q\u00eb gjeneron kosto p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet, si dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb eksternalitetesh negative q\u00eb do t\u00eb paraqiten n\u00eb vijim.
\n K\u00ebto efekte an\u00ebsore kan\u00eb nj\u00eb kosto ekonomike komplesive q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ti jepet nj\u00eb vler\u00eb emigracionit, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb humbje e njohurive potenciale, d\u00ebmton prespektivat e rritjes n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, d\u00ebmton sistemin arsimor, sistemin e pensioneve, cil\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin sanitar etj.
\n Referuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Instat dhe Eurostat rezulton se Shqip\u00ebria ka nj\u00eb nivel shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve (15-29 vje\u00e7), rreth 20.9% p\u00ebr 2021.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb rinjt\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri hasin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb gjetjen e pun\u00ebve t\u00eb kualifikuara dhe t\u00eb mir\u00ebpaguara, duke mos garantuar dot nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme t\u00eb sigurt p\u00ebr ta, kjo b\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb sidomos ata t\u00eb zonave periferike t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb t\u00eb emigrojn\u00eb (gati 570 mij\u00eb Shqiptar\u00eb kan\u00eb emigruar n\u00eb 10 vitet e fundit).
\nKy fenomen sipas burimeve t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare (Unicef, Eurostat, IOM) rezulton t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ndjeshme, ku shqiptar\u00ebt rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e para n\u00eb Europ\u00ebr p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkimin e azilit politik (sipas Eurostat n\u00eb 2020 shqiptar\u00ebt zinin vendin e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr azilk\u00ebrkuesit me18 k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr 100 mij\u00eb banor\u00eb). Pjesa d\u00ebrmuese e tyre ishin t\u00eb rinj n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 34 vje\u00e7. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn janar shkurt t\u00eb 2022 1 n\u00eb 3 maturant\u00eb mendonin t\u00eb vazhdonin studimet universitare jasht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Referuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Instat n\u00eb 2017 popullsia me mosh\u00eb nga 0-19 vje\u00e7 ishte 732,315 nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb 2021 kaloi n\u00eb 647.864, me nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie prej 11.5% vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 4 vitet e fundit. Nd\u00ebrsa popullsia n\u00eb pension (mbi 65 vje\u00e7) \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 552.492 q\u00eb ish n\u00eb 2017 n\u00eb 625.973 persona, duke u rritur me 13.3%.
\nReduktohet numri i t\u00eb rinjve dhe rritet numri i pensionist\u00ebve, t\u00eb par\u00ebt prodhojn\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar t\u00eb dyt\u00ebt konsumojn\u00eb vler\u00eb (pensione dhe sh\u00ebrbim sanitar). Nga viti n\u00eb vit skema e pensioneve po p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet. N\u00ebse n\u00eb 1990 ne kishim 4 kontribues (t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar) p\u00ebr \u00e7do 1 p\u00ebrfitues pensioni (pensionist) sot kemi 1.4 kontribues p\u00ebr \u00e7do pensionist. N\u00ebse do ti referohemi projeksioneve t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb sipas grupmoshave n\u00eb 2030 do t\u00eb kemi 1.1 kontribues p\u00ebr 1 p\u00ebrfitues (sistemi i pensioneve kalon padyshim n\u00eb kolaps).
\n Emigracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kosto shum\u00eb konsistente, nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i kapitalit human, pasi formimi i nj\u00eb personi ka nj\u00eb kosto p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe familjen.
\nSot nj\u00eb familje harxhon mesatarisht 8% t\u00eb buxhetit familjar p\u00ebr rritjen dhe edukimin e f\u00ebmijve nga lindja deri n\u00eb 24 vje\u00e7 nj\u00eb familje harxhon rreth 42 mij\u00eb euro. Po ashtu qeveria shpenzon rreth 18 mij\u00eb euro p\u00ebr formimin e nj\u00eb t\u00eb riu (nga klasa e par\u00eb fillore deri n\u00eb matur\u00ebn shtet\u00ebrore, po ashtu rreth 36000 euro i kushton vendit dhe familjes formimi i nj\u00eb mjeku ku n\u00eb vitet e fundit jan\u00eb larguar rreth 20000 mjek\u00eb dhe infermier\u00eb nga Shqip\u00ebria, gati 2000 infermier\u00eb dhe mjek \u00e7do vit largohen nga Shqip\u00ebria, drejt vendeve t\u00eb zhvilluara.<\/p>\n
Nga Shqip\u00ebria largohen \u00e7do vit rreth 55000 mij\u00eb veta nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt rreth 90% nuk kthehen m\u00eb n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn afatshkurt\u00ebr apo afatmesme dhe rreth 35% e tyre jan\u00eb deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 25 vje\u00e7. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton se ne humbasim rreth 630 milion\u00eb euro \u00e7do vit vet\u00ebm nga largimi i t\u00eb rinjve q\u00eb nuk kthehen m\u00eb n\u00eb vendlindje. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb humbja n\u00eb formimin e kapitalit human. Por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja humbje.
\nLargimi i t\u00eb rinjve sidomos nga zonat rurale po ndikon negativisht n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn demografike t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe po rriten ndjesh\u00ebm kostot te pun\u00ebs n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt jo produktiv\u00eb si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb bujq\u00ebsia dhe blektoria. Largimi po b\u00ebhet problem dhe n\u00eb qytete. Sot nj\u00eb sektor jo shum\u00eb produktiv si ai fason po detyrohen jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb rriti ndjesh\u00ebm pagat p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar forc\u00eb puntore por edhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e larg\u00ebta si Nepali apo Bangladeshi duke menduar tashm\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr pagat por edhe akomodimin e tyre.
\n Efektet jan\u00eb shkatrimtare n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e sistemit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor nga ikja e mjek\u00ebve dhe e infermier\u00ebve (nga 140 mjek\u00eb p\u00ebr 100 mij\u00eb banor\u00eb q\u00eb kish Shqip\u00ebria n\u00eb vitin 2000, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb 2018 kishim vet\u00ebm 110 mjek\u00eb p\u00ebr 100 mij\u00eb banor\u00eb ku mesatarja e BE-s\u00eb ishte 348 mjek\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do 100 mij\u00eb banor\u00eb. Spitalet n\u00eb qytete dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e atyre rajonale po shkojn\u00eb drejt kthimit n\u00eb ambulator\u00eb apo drejt mbylljes fare.
\n Largimi i t\u00eb rinjve redukton numrin e lindjeve dhe numrin e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb arsimin parauniversitar duke e kaluar raportin nx\u00ebn\u00ebs m\u00ebsues nga 20 q\u00eb ka q\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 2000 n\u00eb rreth 7.8 n\u00eb qarkun e Gjirokastr\u00ebs, kjo n\u00ebnkupton q\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb zona kemi kaluar n\u00eb klasa kolektive, pra reduktim t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe rezultateve t\u00eb t\u00eb nx\u00ebnit.
\n Largimi i t\u00eb rinjve n\u00ebnkupton po ashtu r\u00ebnie t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs agregate n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi apo t\u00eb konsumit n\u00eb shum\u00eb sektor\u00eb specifik n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, \u00e7do i ri q\u00eb po ik\u00ebn redukton k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn agregate afatgjat\u00eb me mij\u00ebra euro (nuk blen nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, nuk blen veshje, nuk konsumon ushqime n\u00eb vend etj).
\nLargimi i personave t\u00eb kualifikuar si inxhienier\u00ebt apo programuesit po reduktojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm nga viti n\u00eb vit avantazhin q\u00eb kishte Shqip\u00ebria n\u00eb raport me vendet e zhvilluara p\u00ebr gjetjen e kapitalit human t\u00eb mir\u00ebarsimuar me kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se mesatarja e BE-s\u00eb.
\nN\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb merren masa konkrete si: bursa apo pun\u00ebsim i garantuar p\u00ebr disa deg\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsuesis\u00eb; fonde mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb q\u00eb duan t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrje n\u00eb zonat rurale ku jetojn\u00eb; pagesa stimuluese p\u00ebr lindjet si psh 50euro n\u00eb muaj p\u00ebr \u00e7do f\u00ebmij\u00eb nga 0-6 vje\u00e7; garantimin e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb kthimin e trurit n\u00eb vend; m\u00eb tep\u00ebr siguri sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, ushqimore apo arsim m\u00eb cil\u00ebsor\u00eb; etj., emigracioni dhe plakja e popullsis\u00eb do jet\u00eb shkatrimi i ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb vendit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sot \u00ebsht\u00eb normale q\u00eb personat t\u00eb spostohen n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar sa m\u00eb mir\u00eb aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre dhe kjo l\u00ebvizshm\u00ebri mund t\u00eb konsiderohet fenomen global. Problemi i emigracionit apo m\u00eb sakt\u00eb i ikjes s\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve, lind, kur n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend ikin shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr persona sesa kthehen. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kemi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27500,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27499","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ekonomia"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27499"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27501,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27499\/revisions\/27501"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neutrale.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}